Skills Composition of Singapore Economy

SkillsFuture Singapore studied 11 years’ worth of job posting data to investigate the changes in skills required by Singapore’s economy over time. The analysis provides insight into how employers’ demand for skills needed of their workers have changed over the years; what skills are most in demand, what is becoming increasingly important and what is becoming less important. We call this changing portfolio of skills needed the “skills composition”.

The study of skills compositions helps us understand changes in the Singapore economy’s skills landscape, as well as skills requirements in selected job families.

    Skills-Composition-of-the-Singapore-Economy1Job posting data (2012-2022) was tagged with information from jobs taxonomy, skills taxonomy, and apps & tools. Each cluster in this chart was normalised by dividing the total count of skills, or apps & tools, belonging to the cluster by the total count of skills, or apps & tools mentioned in each year. Refer to the methodology chapter for more information. 

    The bulk of the skills required by the Singapore economy are in the Business Management, Data Management, and Production Management clusters.


    From 2012 to 2022, Business Management, Data Management, and Production Management accounted for the majority of the skills composition of the Singapore Economy. Operations Management increased in relative importance from 8% in 2012 to 12.2% in 2022, reflecting the rise of e-commerce and globalised supply chains. Care Services increased slightly in relative importance from 6.5% in 2012 to 7.6% in 2022, reflecting the increased need to cater to Singapore’s aging population.

    While the absolute demand for Critical Core Skills (CCS) increased in this period, its increase is lower than the other clusters. Apps & Tools increased in relative importance from 4.0% in 2012 to 6.4% in 2022, reflecting the speed of digitalisation in Singapore.

    The top 10 demanded skills in the Business Management cluster remained relatively consistent over the past decade. Stakeholder Management, Governance, and Process Improvement are skills that became more important in 2022.

    Top Ten Demanded Skills in the Business Management Cluster

    Skills-Composition-of-the-Singapore-Economy-1

    Titles of skills featured in this chart

    1. Documentation
    2. Business Opportunities Development
    3. Sales and Business Development
    4. Quality Assurance
    5. Audit and Compliance
    6. Legal and Compliance Management
    7. Continuous Improvement Management
    1. Brand Management
    2. Process Improvement
    3. Internal Controls
    4. Stakeholder Management
    5. Excellence in Service
    6. Governance
    Circles with outer rings denote skills that only appeared once. The complete list of skills covered, with full descriptions, is provided at the end of the chapter.

    Skills that are consistently in the top 10 list in 2012, 2017 and 2022:

    • Documentation: Write clear and concise reports
    • Audit and Compliance: Develop compliance processes and audit strategies
    • Quality Assurance: Develop and implement quality standards
    • Business Opportunities Development: Identify new business opportunities
    • Legal and Compliance Management: Manage compliance with regulations
    • Continuous Improvement Management: Improve processes and procedures
    • Sales and Business Development: Generate new business and grow existing accounts

    Skills that appeared in 2022 but did not consistently appear in the top 10 list in 2012 and 2017:

    • Stakeholder Management: Manage stakeholder expectations
    • Governance: Evaluate governance practices
    • Process Improvement: Evaluate change and improvement processes

    The top 10 demanded skills in the Data Management cluster remained relatively consistent over the past decade. Customer Data Analysis, Data Protection Management, and Artificial Intelligence Application are skills that became more important in 2022.

    Top Ten Demanded Skills in the Data Management Cluster

    Skills-Composition-of-the-Singapore-Economy-2

    Titles of skills featured in this chart

    1. Programming and Coding
    2. Human Resource Digitalisation
    3. Applications Support and Enhancement
    4. Applications Development
    5. Engineering Problem Solving
    6. Big Data Analytics
    7. Automation Research and Implementation
    1. Market Research
    2. Business Environment Analysis
    3. Systems Integration
    4. Data Protection Management
    5. Customer Data Analysis
    6. Database Administration
    7. Artificial Intelligence Application
    Circles with outer rings denote skills that only appeared once. The complete list of skills covered, with full descriptions, is provided at the end of the chapter.

    Skills that are consistently in the top 10 list in 2012, 2017 and 2022:

    • Programming and Coding: Write code to create software programs
    • Big Data Analytics: Analyse large datasets to find patterns and trends
    • Applications Development: Develop applications from design specifications
    • Engineering Problem Solving: Use root cause analysis to solve problems
    • Automation Research and Implementation: Automate processes using equipment and information technology
    • Applications Support and Enhancement: Provide technical support and enhancements to applications
    • Human Resource Digitalisation: Innovate HR processes through digitalization

    Skills that appeared in 2022 but did not consistently appear in the top 10 list in 2012 and 2017:

    • Customer Data Analysis: Analyse customer data to understand customer behaviors
    • Data Protection Management: Develop and implement data protection programs
    • Artificial Intelligence Application: Integrate artificial intelligence into engineering processes

    The top 10 demanded skills in the Production Management cluster experienced some changes over the past decade. Standard Operating Procedures Development, Power Quality Management, and Mathematical Concepts Application are skills that became more important in 2022.

    Top Ten Demanded Skills in the Production Management Cluster

    Skills-Composition-of-the-Singapore-Economy-3

    Titles of skills featured in this chart

    1. Quality Assurance
    2. Mechanical Engineering Management
    3. Electrical Fundamentals Application
    4. Civil and Structural Engineering Management
    5. Continuous Improvement Management
    6. Preventive Maintenance Management
    7. Electronic Fundamentals Application
    1. Quality Assurance and Audit
    2. Process Control
    3. Operation Management
    4. Power Quality Management
    5. Standard Operating Procedures Development
    6. Mathematical Concepts Application
    Circles with outer rings denote skills that only appeared once. The complete list of skills covered, with full descriptions, is provided at the end of the chapter.

    Skills that are consistently in the top 10 list in 2012, 2017 and 2022:

    • Quality Assurance: Develop and implement quality standards
    • Continuous Improvement Management: Improve processes and procedures
    • Electrical Fundamentals Application: Apply electrical principles to aircraft systems
    • Mechanical Engineering Management: Manage mechanical engineering projects
    • Civil and Structural Engineering Management: Manage civil and structural engineering projects
    • Preventive Maintenance Management: Develop and implement preventive maintenance plans

    Skills that appeared in 2022 but did not consistently appear in the top 10 list in 2012 and 2017:

    • Standard Operating Procedures Development: Implement and enforce standard operating procedures
    • Power Quality Management: Investigate electricity supply issues
    • Mathematical Concepts Application: Apply math to solve engineering problems
    • Operation Management: Manage manufacturing operations

    The top 10 demanded skills in the Operations Management cluster did not change over the past decade, although there are changes in their ranking.

    Top Ten Demanded Skills in the Operations Management Cluster

    Skills-Composition-of-the-Singapore-Economy-4

    Titles of skills featured in this chart

    1. Project Management
    2. Procurement
    3. Engineering Project Management
    4. Inventory Management
    5. Supply Chain Management
    1. Documentation and Administration
    2. Project Plan
    3. Vendor Management
    4. Asset Management
    5. Contract Management
    The complete list of skills covered, with full descriptions, is provided at the end of the chapter.

    Skills that are consistently in the top 10 list in 2012, 2017 and 2022:

    • Project Management: Manage projects, stakeholders, resources, budgets, and risks
    • Procurement: Develop and apply procurement processes, select vendors, and assess risks
    • Engineering Project Management: Manage engineering projects, set objectives, plans, and timelines
    • Inventory Management: Formulate and implement inventory strategies, ensuring equipment availability
    • Documentation and Administration: Develop and maintain supply chain processes and manage supplies and demands
    • Asset Management: Manage shipping documents, commence loading and unloading
    • Project Plan: Develop project plans and manage project risks using tools
    • Vendor Management: Manage vendor relationships and ensure performance as per contracts
    • Supply Chain Management: Formulate and implement asset management policies and optimize asset performance
    • Contract Management: Manage contract creation, execution, and analysis while minimizing risks

    The top five demanded Critical Core Skills did not change over the past decade, although there are changes in their ranking.

    CCS are essential for the Singapore workforce to be competitive globally. In today’s global economy, businesses need to be able to communicate effectively with clients and customers from all over the world. They also need to collaborate with colleagues from different cultures and backgrounds to solve problems in a fast-paced and ever-changing environment.

    Top Five Demanded Critical Core Skills

    Skills-Composition-of-the-Singapore-Economy-5

    Titles of skills featured in this chart

    1. Communication
    2. Creative Thinking
    3. Problem Solving
    4. Self Management
    5. Collaboration
    The complete list of skills covered, with full descriptions, is provided at the end of the chapter.

    Skills that are consistently in the top 10 list in 2012, 2017 and 2022:

    • Communication: Share information effectively
    • Collaboration: Work effectively with others
    • Problem Solving: Identify and solve problems
    • Creative Thinking: Generate new and innovative ideas
    • Self Management: Manage one’s personal effectiveness and holistic well-being

    For organisations and individuals keen on developing CCS at organisational and/or personal levels, CCS Training Providers offer a wide range of courses that cater to various CCS learning needs. Click here to learn more.


    To find out your individual Critical Core Skills profile, click here.

    The top 10 demanded Apps & Toolschanged significantly over the past decade. Apps & Tools that related to a different set of programming languages, customer management systems, and drawing tools became more important in 2022.

    Top Ten Demanded Apps & Tools

    Skills-Composition-of-the-Singapore-Economy-6

    Titles of skills featured in this chart

    1. Microsoft Office (Excel)
    2. Microsoft Office (Powerpoint)
    3. Java
    4. SQL
    5. AUTOCAD
    6. Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP)
    7. HTML4/HTML5
    8. Adobe Photoshop
    1. CRM Systems
    2. Visual Basic (VB)
    3. CSS2/CSS3
    4. Job Control Language (JCL)
    5. Moz (SEO)
    6. PHP
    7. Python
    Circles with outer rings denote skills that only appeared once The complete list of skills covered, with full descriptions, is provided at the end of the chapter. 2 Apps and Tools in this analysis refer to digital and technology solutions programs, in software or app formats, that help people complete tasks more efficiently and effectively.

    Apps & Tools that are consistently in the top 10 list in 2012, 2017 and 2022:

    • Microsoft Office (Excel): Spreadsheet Software
    • Microsoft Office (PowerPoint): Presentation software
    • Java: Programming language
    • SQL: Database language

    Apps & Tools that appeared in 2022 but did not consistently appear in the top 10 list in 2012 and 2017:

    • Python: Programming language
    • CSS2/CSS3: Style sheet language
    • AUTOCAD: Computer-aided design (CAD) software used to create 2D and 3D drawings
    • CRM Systems: Customer relationship management software
    • Java: Programming language
    • Visual Basic (VB): Programming language

    Industry Voices

    Joint article by:

    CLAIRE LIM
    Head of Business Development, Capelle Consulting Pte Ltd

    ANTHONY CHEW
    Chief Core Skills Officer, NTUC LearningHub Pte Ltd

    GRACE LAM, Director
    Seraphcorp Institute Pte Ltd

    Following an analysis conducted on job posting data from the past 11 years to identify the most demanded Critical Core Skills (CCS), SSG delved deeper with training partners (TPs) and career coaches to understand the importance of the top five CCS at the workplace.

    Claire: Innovation and digitisation puts organisations ahead of their peers and empower them to sustain market relevance. A combination of Collaboration, Problem Solving and Creative Thinking can raise organisations’ resilience through co-developing innovative solutions for business problems.

    Anthony: The business world is dynamic and complex. To stay competitive, organisations have to constantly review operating models and maintain their competitive edge to meet the ever-evolving shift in market demands. Problem Solving and Creative Thinking are key CCS employees must have to help organisations grow.

    Grace: Employers recognised these CCS as essential future skills that prepare their organisations to adapt to change, remain relevant in the market and be up-to-date with changes in their operating environment.

    Claire: As the built environment sector increasingly digitises, having the right culture, relevant competencies and workable processes are key to ensuring success in this transformation. In addition, clients from all sectors recognised that CCS such as Problem Solving and Self Management help them build business resilience and display proactiveness in implementing change management.

    Anthony: Communication, Collaboration and Problem Solving are sought after by the hotel sector. These skills enable employees to develop positive interactions and delight their guests, resulting in positive reviews and greater guest satisfaction.

    Grace: The engineering profession is specifically interested in Creative Thinking and providing learners with Problem Solving tools, particularly for manufacturing processes. They also indicated interest in Building Inclusivity to create a warm culture for their multi-national teams.  

    Claire: Our training intervention incorporates “Action Learning Projects”, consisting of four key components: (1) a clear problem statement focusing on authentic issues faced; (2) a project sponsor; (3) identifying learners with the capacity and capability to learn; and (4) appoint and train learning coaches. This allows learners to apply the CCS to real-life projects in training and reflect on their learning points during group coaching sessions.

    Anthony: Face-to-face is still clients’ preferred training option to interact more effectively with the trainers. There is also a need to contextualise CCS training content to make it relevant to their workplace contexts.

    Grace: Even before embarking on training, the workforce must be aware of the need for CCS and their skills gaps. Currently, there is very little awareness and low urgency in CCS training. Hence, we are raising awareness by sharing bite-sized CCS content over social media.

    Joint article by:

    TAN CHEE KEONG
    Principal Career Coach, Workforce Singapore (WSG)

    NIRMALA PALAYSAMY
    Deputy Director, Public Service Division (PSD)

    JEREMIAH WONG
    Lead Career Developer, Avodah People Solutions Pte Ltd

    JACQUELINE YEUNG
    Career Developer, Avodah People Solutions Pte Ltd

    ONG YI LING
    Career Developer, Avodah People Solutions Pte Ltd

    Chee Keong: An employee’s ability to manage time and work task effectively have always been important to employers. Now, employees need to go beyond that and learn how to manage their emotions and expectations as well. This will enable them to perform optimally in today’s increasingly complex workplace.

    Jacqueline: Employers want employees to be more self-directed and manage themselves, so that they can focus on solving complex problems in complicated business environments. Problem Solving must be strengthened through a collaborative effort. Effective Communication can only be achieved when individuals understand how others receive information and work together.

    Nirmala: With the work landscape and technology evolving so quickly, employers want their employees to have both technical skills and CCS, to be creative, innovative, able to communicate cross-culturally, write and present clearly, appreciate and embrace cultural differences in collaborations.

    Jeremiah: Self Management is the key integrative factor to better career management. Individuals’ career health depends on their agency and autonomy to ‘want to do something’ to either alleviate or advance their careers. External drivers may exert change, but whether it is sustainable and lasting will depend on the ‘self’.

    Nirmala: Adaptability and resilience. Career mobility requires individuals to adapt and transit to changing work environments, learn new skills quickly and bounce back from setbacks and failures. These skills give individuals a positive attitude towards pursuing career goals. Networking skills are also critical for career mobility. Strong professional networks help individuals learn new skills, create job opportunities and gain insights to different industries and job functions.

    Chee Keong: Mastery of CCS, especially those that are consistently valued by employers, can help you better manage your career. Conduct an honest stocktake of where you stand in terms of these CCS and be pro-active about closing the gaps. For example, seek out team-based opportunities that require multi-disciplinary contributions so that you can learn how to better appreciate the collective outcome over individual inputs. This builds collaborative skills.

    Yi Ling: Individuals can seek 360-degree feedback from their colleagues and decide on the most important CCS areas to work on. If any of these CCS are badly affecting their career health, they can consult career coaches for deeper self-awareness and customised intervention.

    We greatly appreciate your feedback on the report here.

                                   
    19 Mar 2024